INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
The materials of the conference are recommended for public education, scientists, teachers and students of higher educational institutions. They can be used in education, including in the teaching process, in preparation for obtaining bachelor's and master's degrees. The process of reviewing all articles is carried out by experts in accordance with the copyright of the authors of the materials. The authors are responsible for the content, research results and errors.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALLY-SOURCED PHOSPHORUS-BASED MINERAL FERTILIZERS ENRICHED WITH PLANT GROWTH STIMULANTS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION
Phosphorus is a vital nutrient that regulates multiple physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis, energy transfer, nucleic acid synthesis, and root development. Conventional phosphorus fertilizers rely heavily on imported raw materials, which increases production costs and creates economic vulnerability in developing agricultural regions. This study explores the development of locally-sourced phosphorus-based fertilizers enriched with plant growth stimulants, such as humic acids and essential microelements (Zn, Fe, B), to improve nutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity. The raw materials utilized include local phosphorite ores, apatite concentrates, and industrial by-products, particularly phosphogypsum. Activation techniques employed are chemical, mechanochemical, and biological, each aimed at improving phosphorus solubility and bioavailability. Granulated formulations were produced through controlled granulation, drying, and cooling processes, resulting in slow-release fertilizers with optimized physical properties. Greenhouse trials demonstrated enhanced phosphorus uptake, improved root architecture, increased biomass, and higher chlorophyll content. The proposed approach combines cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and high agronomic efficiency, offering a viable strategy for modern, resource-efficient agriculture.
phosphorus fertilizers, local raw materials, plant growth stimulants, phosphorite activation, mechanochemical activation, slow-release fertilizers, sustainable agriculture
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
. Phraseological units, also known as idioms, represent an essential part of linguistic expression and cultural identity. This study provides a comparative analysis of phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages, focusing on their semantic, structural, and cultural features. The research applies a qualitative method to classify idioms into different types of equivalence. The findings indicate that while some idioms are universal in meaning, many are shaped by national traditions and historical development. The study highlights the importance of phraseology in translation and intercultural communication.
phraseological units, idioms, equivalence, cultural linguistics, English language, Uzbek language, semantics, translation studies.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL BACKGROUND ON ALEXANDER FEINBERG’S POETRY
This study analyses the significance of multiculturalism in the creative work of Alexander Feinberg. The article examines the influence of historical environment, bilingualism, and intercultural relations on the poet’s poetics. Poems written in different periods were studied through qualitative textual analysis and contextual interpretation, and socio-cultural factors were identified. The research results demonstrate the synthesis of Russian and Uzbek intellectual traditions in Feinberg’s poetry. It is also substantiated that cultural influences contributed to the philosophical diversity of themes and to the enrichment of the imagery system in his works.
transcultural identity, bilingual expression, collective memory, interethnic dialogue, postwar intellectual milieu, symbolic landscape
O‘zbek, turk va ingliz tillarida iboralarning qiyosiy tahlili
Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek, turk va ingliz tillarida ishlatiladigan iboralarni qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada har bir tilning o‘ziga xos ifoda uslubi, so‘z birikmalari va ko‘chma ma’nolari solishtiriladi.
Qiyosiy tahlil, o‘zbek tili, turk tili, ingliz tili, ibora, uslub.
Cultural and stylistic aspects of dialogue translation
A conversation between two or more characters is called a “dialogue.” According to Academician Izzat Sulton, the most characteristic feature of dialogue is the presence of an intense intellectual exchange between the speaking characters (the term “dialogue” derives from the Latin dialogus, meaning conversation, dispute, or debate). Dialogues that consist purely of informational content are very rare and usually serve as preparation for the ensuing debate within the dialogue. Dialogue reveals the inner world of characters, demonstrates and develops the conflicts in their relationships, and contributes to the continuous progression of the plot. Therefore, dialogue plays a significant role in both the form and content of a literary work.
ECOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS TOURISM-BASED STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
This article analyzes that in the context of modern globalization, the tourism sector has become one of the rapidly developing branches of the economy, and it examines the impact of its religious and ecological directions on the national economy. In particular, these tourism directions have a significant influence on the economic, social, and cultural development of regions. Ecological tourism contributes to the proper use of natural resources and the protection of the environment, while religious tourism plays an important role in preserving historical and cultural heritage sites and involving them in tourism activities. During the research process, strategies for developing sustainable tourism based on ecological and religious tourism, their impact on regional development, ensuring employment, and improving tourism infrastructure were analyzed.
ecological tourism, religious tourism, sustainable tourism, tourism infrastructure, natural resources, regional development
The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) method has emerged as a powerful pedagogical approach in primary education, promoting interdisciplinary learning and fostering essential 21st-century skills. This study investigates the implementation and impact of the STEAM method in primary classrooms, focusing on its potential to enhance student engagement, creativity, and academic achievement. By integrating diverse disciplines, the STEAM approach cultivates critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills while providing a holistic educational experience. The paper examines the compatibility of the STEAM method with primary education objectives, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with its adoption. The findings underscore the value of the STEAM method in nurturing well-rounded learners equipped to navigate an increasingly complex and interconnected world.
method,critical thinking, problem solving, STEAM, teacher, parents
Chilangarlik ishlarida metall deformatsiyasi va uning oldini olish
Ushbu maqolada chilangarlik ishlarini bajarish jarayonida metall detallarida yuzaga keladigan deformatsiyalar, ularning paydo bo‘lish sabablari hamda oldini olish usullari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda mexanik ishlov berish, kesish, bukish, qizdirish va sovitish jarayonlarida metallning shakl o‘zgarishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, material xossalari, kuchlanishlarning taqsimlanishi, mahkamlash usullari va texnologik rejimlarning deformatsiyaga ta’siri baholangan. Tajriba natijalari asosida optimal ishlov berish sharoitlarini tanlash, to‘g‘ri mahkamlash va sovitish rejimlaridan foydalanish metall deformatsiyasini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi aniqlangan. Olingan natijalar mashinasozlik va ta’mirlash ustaxonalarida detallar sifatini oshirish hamda brak miqdorini kamaytirishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
chilangarlik ishlari, metall deformatsiyasi, mexanik ishlov berish, ichki kuchlanish, mahkamlash, kesish rejimi, qizdirish, sovitish, aniqlik, detal sifati
Ubaydullayev Muhammadqodir Hasanboy oʻgʻli
Traktorlarni ekspluatatsiya qilishda yoqilg‘i sarfini kamaytirish
Ushbu maqolada traktorlarni ekspluatatsiya qilish jarayonida yoqilg‘i sarfini kamaytirishning samarali usullari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda dvigatel ish rejimlari, agregatlash sharoitlari, harakat tezligi, texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish sifati hamda operator malakasining yoqilg‘i sarfiga ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy energiya tejovchi texnologiyalar, optimal yuklama rejimlari va agrotexnik talablarni hisobga olgan holda ishlashning iqtisodiy samaradorligi baholangan. Olingan natijalar qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlarida yoqilg‘i resurslaridan oqilona foydalanish hamda ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini kamaytirishda muhim amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
traktor, yoqilg‘i sarfi, ekspluatatsiya, dvigatel rejimi, agregatlash, ish unumdorligi, energiya samaradorligi, tortish kuchi, texnik xizmat, iqtisodiy samaradorlik
Bogʻcha yoshidagi bolalarning kombinzoni
Ushbu maqolada bogʻcha yoshidagi bolalar uchun moʻljallangan kombinezonlarni loyihalash, konstruksiyalash va tikish texnologiyasining oʻziga xos jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning antropometrik xususiyatlari, harakat faolligi, gigiyenik talablar hamda kiyimning qulayligi va xavfsizligi masalalari koʻrib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, kombinezon tayyorlashda qoʻllaniladigan matolar turlari, ularning fizik-mexanik va gigiyenik xossalari, issiqlikni saqlash qobiliyati hamda parvarish qilish qulayligi yoritilgan. Kiyim konstruksiyasini ishlab chiqishda bolaning erkin harakatlanishini ta’minlash, kiyib-yechishning osonligi va mavsumiy sharoitlarga mosligi muhim omil sifatida baholangan. Olingan natijalar maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari uchun amaliy, gigiyenik va estetik talablarga javob beradigan bolalar kiyimlarini yaratishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
bogʻcha yoshidagi bolalar, bolalar kiyimi, kombinezon, kiyim konstruksiyasi, tikuvchilik texnologiyasi, mato xossalari, gigiyenik talablar, antropometrik oʻlchamlar, qulaylik, xavfsizlik, mavsumiy kiyim
Bino ichki elektr tarmoqlarida energiya yo‘qotishlarini kamaytirish usullari
Ushbu maqolada bino ichki elektr tarmoqlarida energiya yo‘qotishlarini kamaytirishning samarali usullari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda elektr energiyasining uzatish va taqsimlash jarayonida yuzaga keladigan texnik yo‘qotishlar, ularning sabablari hamda ularni minimallashtirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Xususan, elektr yuklamalarini optimal taqsimlash, kabel kesimini to‘g‘ri tanlash, quvvat omilini yaxshilash, energiya tejamkor qurilmalardan foydalanish va zamonaviy avtomatlashtirilgan boshqaruv tizimlarini joriy etishning ahamiyati asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, sifatli elektromontaj ishlarini bajarish, kontakt qarshiliklarini kamaytirish hamda elektr tarmoqlarini muntazam texnik nazorat qilish energiya samaradorligini oshirishning muhim omillari sifatida baholangan. Olingan natijalar turar-joy, jamoat va sanoat binolarida elektr energiyasidan oqilona foydalanish hamda ekspluatatsiya xarajatlarini kamaytirishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
energiya yo‘qotishlari, ichki elektr tarmoqlari, energiya samaradorligi, elektr yuklamasi, kabel kesimi, quvvat omili, reaktiv quvvat kompensatsiyasi, elektromontaj sifati, kontakt qarshiligi, avtomatlashtirish, energiya tejash texnologiyalari
Zamonaviy binolarda elektr ta’minoti tizimlarini loyihalash va montaj qilish usullari
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy bino va inshootlarda elektr ta’minoti tizimlarini loyihalash hamda elektromontaj ishlarini amalga oshirish usullari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda elektr yuklamalarini aniqlash, energiya samaradorligini oshirish, ishonchlilik va xavfsizlikni ta’minlash masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, avtomatlashtirilgan boshqaruv tizimlari, zamonaviy taqsimlash qurilmalari, kabel liniyalarini yotqizish texnologiyalari hamda muqobil energiya manbalaridan foydalanish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Loyihalash jarayonida amaldagi me’yoriy talablar, texnik-iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlar va ekspluatatsiya qulayligi muhim omillar sifatida baholangan. Elektromontaj ishlarining sifati elektr ta’minoti tizimining barqaror ishlashi va uzoq muddatli ishonchliligini ta’minlovchi asosiy omillardan biri ekanligi asoslab berilgan. Olingan natijalar zamonaviy turar-joy, jamoat va sanoat binolarida elektr ta’minoti tizimlarini takomillashtirishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
elektr ta’minoti tizimi, elektromontaj ishlari, elektr yuklamasi, energiya samaradorligi, avtomatlashtirish, kabel liniyalari, taqsimlash qurilmalari, muqobil energiya manbalari, elektr xavfsizligi, zamonaviy binolar, loyihalash usullari
Атоқли отларнинг топонимлар тизимидаги ўрни
Ushbu tezisda tilshunoslikning onomastika bo‘limi, xususan, atoqli otlar va ularning toponimlar (joy nomlari) tizimidagi o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Toponimlarning yasalishida boshqa atoqli otlarning (ayniqsa, antroponim va etnonimlarning) ishtiroki, ularning o‘zaro aloqadorligi va transonimizatsiya jarayonlari yoritilgan. Joy nomlari tarixiy, madaniy va lingvistik manba sifatida atoqli otlar tizimining eng muhim va barqaror qatlamlaridan biri ekanligi asoslanadi.
onomastika, atoqli otlar, toponimika, antroponim, etnonim, transonimizatsiya, etimologiya, topoformant.
Muhandislik ta’limida raqamli, intellektual va adaptiv ta’lim texnologiyalarini joriy etish modeli
Zamonaviy raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida muhandislik ta’limi tizimini modernizatsiya qilish va ta’lim jarayoniga innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ayniqsa, raqamli ta’lim muhiti, sun’iy intellekt asosidagi tahlil tizimlari va adaptiv ta’lim texnologiyalarini qo‘llash ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu maqolada muhandislik ta’limida raqamli, intellektual va adaptiv ta’lim texnologiyalarini joriy etishga qaratilgan konseptual model ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari raqamli ta’lim muhiti orqali talabalarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlarini asoslab beradi.
muhandislik ta’limi, raqamli ta’lim texnologiyalari, intellektual ta’lim tizimlari, adaptiv o‘qitish, raqamli ta’lim muhiti.
Бўлажак муҳандисларни касбий тайёргарлигини ривожлантириш методологиясини такомиллаштириш йўналишлари
Ушбу мақолада тикувчилик технологияси ва кийим конструкцияси фанлари асосида бўлажак муҳандисларнинг касбий тайёргарлигини ривожлантиришнинг методологик асослари таҳлил қилинган. Кийим лойиҳалаш, конструкциялаш, технологик жараёнларни ташкил этиш ва рақамли технологиялардан фойдаланиш орқали талабаларнинг касбий компетенцияларини шакллантириш масалалари ёритилган. Шунингдек, тикувчилик саноати учун рақобатбардош мутахассислар тайёрлашда амалиётга йўналтирилган таълим ва инновацион педагогик технологияларнинг аҳамияти кўрсатилган.
тикувчилик технологияси, кийим конструкцияси, муҳандислик таълими, касбий компетенция, моделлаштириш, технологик жараён.
The educational and didactic opportunities of role-playing games in developing students’ self-esteem
The modernization of higher education systems worldwide has led to increasing attention to student-centered pedagogical approaches that promote not only academic knowledge but also psychological and social competencies. One of the most significant personal characteristics influencing students’ academic success and social adaptation is self-esteem. The development of self-esteem in students is closely related to their ability to evaluate their own abilities, express opinions confidently, and participate actively in educational and social activities. In this context, interactive teaching methods, particularly role-playing games, are considered an effective pedagogical tool for fostering students’ personal development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational and didactic opportunities of role-playing games in developing students’ self-esteem in higher education institutions. The research analyzes theoretical approaches to self-esteem formation, examines the pedagogical potential of role-playing games, and evaluates their effectiveness through pedagogical experimentation. The study involved 81 students from different academic fields in higher education institutions. Various research methods such as observation, questionnaires, pedagogical experiments, and statistical analysis were used. The results of the study indicate that role-playing games significantly improve students’ communication skills, self-confidence, social interaction, and reflective thinking. The findings demonstrate that the systematic implementation of role-playing activities in educational processes contributes to a noticeable increase in students’ self-esteem levels. Moreover, role-playing encourages collaborative learning, empathy, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for modern professional development. The study concludes that role-playing games possess strong educational and didactic potential for developing students’ self-esteem. Their integration into higher education curricula can enhance both the psychological well-being and academic engagement of students.
self-esteem, role-playing games, higher education, pedagogical technologies, student development, interactive learning, didactic methods, personal growth
THE ROLE OF SMART TOURISM TECHNOLOGIES IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
This article scientifically explains the role, importance and impact of smart tourism technologies in the development of sustainable tourism and tourism infrastructure. Through these smart technologies, it is possible to achieve not only speed but also a number of achievements in the tourism sector. For example, online platforms, mobile communication tools, artificial intelligence, smart transport services and augmented reality technologies help ensure tourism travel, booking, service delivery and convenience. At the same time, with the help of artificial intelligence, many of the listed services can be organized efficiently, quickly and easily without the need for human labor. In other words, virtual excursions and digital pilgrimage systems allow tourists to get acquainted with cultural and historical monuments remotely. This, in turn, facilitates the travel process, regulates tourist flows and provides high-quality and safe services. In the future, the introduction of digital and smart technologies will remain an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of tourism with other sectors, ensuring regional sustainability and expanding the economic interests of the local population.
smart tourism technologies, sustainable tourism, digital innovations, ecological sustainability.
BOSHLANGʻICH SINFLARDA MEDIA TAʼLIMNING OʻRNI
Mazkur maqolada boshlangʻich sinflarda media taʼlimning pedagogik, ijtimoiy va metodik ahamiyati kompleks tarzda tahlil qilinadi hamda uning oʻquvchilarda tanqidiy fikrlash, axborotni saralash va tahlil qilish, shuningdek, raqamli savodxonlik ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Tadqiqot media taʼlim nazariyasi bo‘yicha yetakchi olimlar, jumladan David Buckingham, Renee Hobbs va Sonia Livingstone ilmiy qarashlariga, shuningdek, UNESCO hamda OECD tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan media va axborot savodxonligi bo‘yicha xalqaro konsepsiyalarga tayanadi. Tadqiqot jarayonida aralash metodologiya qoʻllanilib, boshlangʻich sinf o‘quvchilari ishtirokida tajriba-sinov ishlari, pedagogik kuzatuv va so‘rovnoma metodlari orqali ma’lumotlar to‘plandi. Olingan natijalar media taʼlim elementlarini o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiya qilish o‘quvchilarning axborotni tanqidiy baholash, media xabarlarining mazmunini anglash va xavfsiz raqamli muhitda ongli harakat qilish ko‘nikmalarini sezilarli darajada rivojlantirishini ko‘rsatdi. Shuningdek, media taʼlim darslarning interaktivligini oshirishi va o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasini kuchaytirishi aniqlandi. Maqolada boshlangʻich taʼlim tizimida media taʼlimni tizimli va bosqichma-bosqich joriy etish zarurati asoslab beriladi hamda amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari milliy taʼlim tizimini xalqaro standartlar asosida modernizatsiya qilish jarayonida muhim nazariy va amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.
media taʼlim, media savodxonlik, boshlangʻich taʼlim, tanqidiy fikrlash, raqamli savodxonlik, axborotni tahlil qilish, axborot xavfsizligi, pedagogik innovatsiya, integratsiyalashgan taʼlim, xxi asr ko‘nikmalari
USING EDUCATIONAL METHODS IN LEARNING ENGLISH Zayniddinova Farangiz Shamsiddin qizi
The article pays great attention to the interaction between the pedagogical team and parents in preschool education organizations. The main reasons for understanding the peculiarities of managing the quality of interaction in modern changing conditions, where parents have become customers of educational services, are presented.
Education, parenting, cooperation, pedagogical process, children's play.
Digital Reading vs. Print Reading: A Comparative Review of Comprehension and Attention
The rapid shift from print to screen-based reading has raised important questions about whether reading medium influences comprehension and attentional engagement. This review synthesizes evidence from two major meta-analyses and multiple experimental studies comparing digital and print reading across age groups and task conditions. Across studies, print reading tends to produce a small but reliable advantage in comprehension, especially for expository texts and when readers are under time pressure. Findings also suggest that screen reading can be associated with weaker task-adaptive attention (e.g., less reduction of mindwandering when demands increase) and, in some cases, reduced metacognitive efficiency. At the same time, medium effects are moderated by text genre, time constraints, and reader characteristics, indicating that “screen inferiority” is not universal. Educational implications include designing digital reading tasks that reduce scrolling burden, support deep processing, and scaffold attention regulation and calibration.
digital reading, print reading, reading comprehension, attention, metacognition, time pressure, mode effect
MAHMUDXO‘JA BEHBUDIY HAYOTI VA IJODINING BUGUNGI KUNDAGI AHAMIYATI.
Uchbu maqola Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy hayoti va ijodiga bag'ishlangan. Behbudiy o'zining ma'rifatparvarlik faoliyati, matbuotdagi ishtiroki va dramaturgiyadagi muhim o'rni bilan tanish. Maqolada uning bolalik davri, ta'lim olish jarayoni, “Padarkush” tragediyasining mazmuni va ijtimoiy ta'siri, Behbudiyning Turkistondagi milliy uyg'on harakatidagi roli, yozgan maqola va jurnallari tahlili. Behbudiy xalqni bilimga chorlashi va ma'naviy yuksalish yo'lidagi g'oyalari bugungi kunda meros qolgan bo'lib, u O'zbekistonning ma'naviy va madaniy taraqqiyotida o'chmas iz qoldirdi.
: Ma’rifatparvarlik,milliy uyg’onish,milliy yuksalish, “Padarkush asari ,ijtimoiy adolat,ma’naviy yuksalish,maqollalari,Turkiston,drammaturg.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
This article analyzes foreign experience of using digital technologies in school education management. It covers the analysis of work conducted by foreign scientists, the experience of developed countries, the effectiveness of EMIS and LMS systems, the practice of developed countries, the results of international research, and the possibilities of adapting them to the national education system. It also presents the possibilities of adapting foreign experience to the national system, and the results of the research show that digital management is a strategic tool for improving the quality of education..
digital management, educational quality, school education, EMIS, LMS, innovative education.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS OF MAINTENANCE OF GAS BALLON VEHICLES BASED ON AN AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM
This article highlights the issues of improving the service maintenance system based on automated control during the operation of gas-cylinder vehicles. The proposed approach is aimed at organizing service processes in a centralized and digitalized manner, assessing the technical condition in real time, and reducing the human factor during operation. The use of radio wave identification tools in the automated control system is justified as a means of increasing the efficiency of the service process.
operation, maintenance, service system, automated control, security
FITNES-AEROBIKA – SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZINI TA’MINLOVCHI SAMARALI JISMONIY FAOLIYAT TURI
Tezisda fitnes-aerobikaning jismoniy, fiziologik va psixologik ahamiyati yoritilgan. Muallif mazkur sport turining inson organizmiga ijobiy ta’siri, uning tarkibiy qismlari, o‘quv-tarbiyaviy ahamiyati hamda O‘zbekistonda rivojlanish tendensiyalari haqida fikr yuritgan. Fitnes-aerobikaning jismoniy tarbiya tizimidagi o‘rni va sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishdagi roli tahlil qilingan.
fitnes-aerobika, jismoniy tarbiya, sog‘lom turmush tarzi, fiziologiya, musiqa ritmi.
Shermatova Mukarramxon Maxammatkomil qizi
Sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta’lim tizimiga ijtimoiy-axloqiy ta’siri
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta’lim tizimiga ko‘rsatayotgan ijtimoiy va axloqiy ta’siri ilmiy-nazariy hamda amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda sun’iy intellekt asosidagi raqamli platformalar, adaptiv o‘qitish tizimlari va generativ modellarning ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni, ularning o‘quvchi shaxsiga, pedagogik munosabatlarga va akademik halollik tamoyillariga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish, algoritmik tarafkashlik (bias), raqamli tengsizlik va o‘quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash kompetensiyasining shakllanishiga oid muammolar yoritiladi. Maqolada sun’iy intellektdan foydalanish jarayonida pedagogik etik me’yorlarni ishlab chiqish, o‘qituvchilarning raqamli kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish hamda ta’lim muassasalarida mas’uliyatli va shaffof foydalanish mexanizmlarini joriy etish zarurligi asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarini ta’lim tizimiga integratsiya qilishda ijtimoiy barqarorlik va axloqiy me’yorlarga rioya etish muhim omil ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
: sun’iy intellekt, ta’lim tizimi, raqamli pedagogika, ijtimoiy ta’sir, axloqiy me’yorlar, algoritmik tarafkashlik, akademik halollik, ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi, raqamli tengsizlik, generativ texnologiyalar, pedagogik kompetensiya, mas’uliyatli sun’iy intellekt.
Integration of artificial intelligence into preschool education: socio-humanitarian and methodological aspects of preparing future educators
The article examines the integration of artificial intelligence into preschool education, with a focus on socio-humanitarian and methodological aspects of preparing future educators. It presents a developed and tested training program for pedagogy students, encompassing theoretical foundations of AI, hands-on practice with generative tools, and simulation of ethically grounded pedagogical scenarios. The quasi-experimental study (experimental group n=32, control group n=30) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in readiness levels (from 4.2 to 8.1 on a 10-point scale), enhanced creative application of AI in lesson planning (92% compliance with age-appropriateness criteria), and the formation of a positive, non-anxious attitude toward AI as a supportive instrument. The findings underscore the necessity of targeted preparation for educators to achieve a harmonious synthesis of humanitarian pedagogy and digital technologies, thereby fostering child personality development in the context of digitalized early childhood.
artificial intelligence, preschool education, educator preparation, future teachers, socio-humanitarian aspects, methodological training, generative tools, AI ethics, technology readiness, digital childhood
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda ekologik tarbiya
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda ekologik tarbiyani shakllantirishning ahamiyati, usullari, metodlari va oilaning roli yoritilgan. Bolalarda tabiatga hurmat, ekologik ong va mas’uliyatni rivojlantirish, atrof-muhitni asrash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil qilingan.
ekologik tarbiya, maktabgacha ta’lim, ekologik ong, tabiat, atrof-muhit, tarbiya metodlari, innovatsion yondashuvlar.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Theoretical and Applied Linguistics: Integration, Tensions, and Future Directions
The relationship between theoretical and applied linguistics has long been characterized by both interdependence and disciplinary tension. While theoretical linguistics seeks to explain the fundamental structure and underlying principles of language, applied linguistics focuses on addressing real-world language-related problems such as language teaching, translation, policy-making, and language assessment. This article explores the historical development, conceptual distinctions, and contemporary convergence between these two domains. Drawing upon major theoretical paradigms such as Generative Grammar and Systemic Functional Linguistics, as well as the evolution of Second Language Acquisition research, the paper argues that theoretical and applied linguistics function not as isolated branches but as mutually reinforcing dimensions of linguistic inquiry. The article proposes an integrative framework in which theory informs practice, and practice refines theory through empirical validation. Such reciprocity is essential in addressing contemporary challenges including multilingualism, technological mediation of communication, and language policy in globalized societies.
Theoretical linguistics; Applied linguistics; Language theory; Second language acquisition; Linguistic models; Language pedagogy; Interdisciplinary research
Etiological determinants and pathogenetic mechanisms of hydrocele: a theoretical and evidence-based analysis
Hydrocele is a pathological accumulation of serous fluid within the tunica vaginalis of the testis or along the spermatic cord, representing one of the most frequent benign scrotal conditions in male patients. Despite its clinical simplicity, the etiological spectrum and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying hydrocele formation are complex and multifactorial. The present article provides a comprehensive theoretical and evidence-based analysis of etiological determinants and biological mechanisms contributing to hydrocele development. Epidemiological data indicate that congenital hydrocele affects approximately 4–5% of full-term male neonates, while acquired forms constitute up to 1% of adult male urological consultations worldwide. The etiological factors range from persistence of the processus vaginalis and developmental lymphatic insufficiency in infants to trauma, infection, neoplasia, and systemic inflammatory conditions in adults. The pathogenesis is fundamentally associated with an imbalance between fluid secretion and absorption within the tunica vaginalis, mediated by mesothelial cell dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine activity, altered vascular permeability, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Recent molecular investigations highlight the role of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukins, and nitric oxide pathways in increasing capillary transudation. Furthermore, chronic inflammation induces structural remodeling of the tunica vaginalis, perpetuating fluid retention. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for refining diagnostic strategies and improving therapeutic decision-making. This review synthesizes clinical, experimental, and theoretical evidence to elucidate the multifaceted biological processes underlying hydrocele formation.
: hydrocele, etiology, pathogenesis, tunica vaginalis, processus vaginalis, lymphatic dysfunction, inflammation, vascular permeability, mesothelial cells, congenital hydrocele.
English in kindergarten: forming primary communicative skills without overload
This article presents an innovative methodology for introducing English as a foreign language to preschool children in Uzbekistan, where it often serves as a third language following Uzbek and Russian. Grounded in the principles of natural language acquisition and Total Physical Response (TPR), the “Immersion in a Fairy Tale” approach employs short (up to 15 minutes), translation-free sessions featuring emotionally engaging micro-stories, exaggerated gestures, facial expressions, props, and national cultural elements. These elements create a playful, low-pressure environment that fosters reflexive associations between English phrases and actions, bypassing mental translation and reducing cognitive overload. Experimental implementation with older preschoolers demonstrated substantial gains: listening comprehension increased by 60%, verbal imitation by 52%, initiative speaking by 35%, active vocabulary by 50%, absence of language barrier by 60%, and interest in language learning by 48%. Qualitative findings highlighted heightened emotional engagement and reduced fear of errors, even among shy children. The results confirm that brief, immersive, play-dominated sessions effectively build primary listening and speaking skills, establishing a stress-free foundation for future formal language education while bridging traditional storytelling practices with global communicative demands.
preschool, English, immersion, TPR, fairy-tale, communicative, Uzbekistan, motivation, natural-acquisition, emotional-engagement