THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSIOLOGY WITH PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND HISTOLOGY, THE HERITAGE OF EASTERN SCHOLARS, AND THE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF GLANDULAR TISSUE

Abstract

This article analyzes, through a complex approach, the close relationship of physiology with physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy, and histology; the ideas about organismal functions found in the works of Eastern scholars; the place of Avicenna’s heritage in human physiology; and the electrophysiological foundations of glandular tissue. Although the topic may seem to consist of several separate blocks at first glance, the central idea uniting them is the need to explain the functions of living organisms in an integrated structural, chemical, physical, and historical way. The article substantiates that physiology is not an isolated discipline, but an integrative field of knowledge formed at the intersection of many natural and medical sciences. It shows that Eastern medical thought—especially the heritage of Avicenna, al-Razi, and Beruni—established a tradition of understanding the organism through observation, cause-and-effect analysis, and clinical reasoning. The electrophysiology of glandular tissue is also discussed in relation to membrane potential, ion channels, calcium influx, and secretory processes. The analysis demonstrates that effective teaching of physiology requires interdisciplinary integration, the connection of historical heritage with modern science, and the harmonization of cellular mechanisms with clinical thinking.