THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Keywords:
French influence, Norman Conquest, English language evolution, loanwords, phonology, morphology, syntax, vocabulary, historical linguistics, language contact.Abstract
The article examines the significant impact of French on the development of the English language, particularly during and after the Norman Conquest of 1066. It highlights how extensive contact with Old French and Norman French led to profound changes in English vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and phonology. The author details the large-scale borrowing of French words into English, especially in domains such as law, government, art, religion, and cuisine, which enriched the lexicon and facilitated semantic differentiation. The article also explores phonological influences, including the adaptation of French sounds into English pronunciation and the effect of French stress patterns on word formation. Additionally, it considers the sociolinguistic aspects of language contact, emphasizing the role of French as the prestige language of the elite and its long-term impact on English spelling conventions. By analyzing historical texts, loanword integration, and structural adaptations, the article demonstrates that French influence was not limited to vocabulary but contributed to broader linguistic evolution, affecting grammar and style. The study further traces how these influences persisted into Early Modern English, shaping standardization processes and the development of written English.
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