MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Abstract
Among pediatric oncohematological diseases, acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) occupies a particularly significant place. It arises as a result of clonal genetic alterations in hematopoietic stem cells, leading to abnormal proliferation and impaired differentiation of myeloid precursors. AML accounts for approximately 15–20% of all childhood leukemias and is clinically characterized by rapid progression, high relapse rates, and severe hematopoietic suppression.
Morphological and immunophenotypic methods play a crucial role in identifying AML subtypes, confirming diagnosis, and assessing prognosis. Current scientific advances focus on studying the differentiation level and biological activity of myeloid stem cells in children, helping to reveal the disease’s individual characteristics and refine diagnostic accuracy.