Integrated endoscopic and histopathological assessment of colonic adenocarcinoma: diagnostic accuracy, biological features, and population-based screening challenges in uzbekistan

Abstract

Colonic adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the large intestine and constitutes a substantial proportion of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in diagnostic technologies, a considerable number of cases are still detected at advanced stages, particularly in developing countries. One of the most important factors influencing early detection is the effectiveness of integrated diagnostic strategies based on endoscopic visualization and histopathological verification. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined endoscopic and morphological approaches in colonic adenocarcinoma, while simultaneously analyzing biological characteristics of the tumor, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, age-related distribution, and epidemiological tendencies, with a special focus on Uzbekistan. This work is based on a critical synthesis of international scientific literature, clinical studies, and epidemiological reports. High diagnostic concordance between these methods significantly increases overall diagnostic accuracy. The thesis emphasizes that insufficient screening coverage and limited access to high-quality colonoscopy contribute to delayed diagnosis in Uzbekistan. Strengthening population-based screening and improving diagnostic infrastructure are essential to reduce disease burden