DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CRITICAL AND ANALYTICAL THINKING THROUGH INDEPENDENT LEARNING
Keywords:
independent learning, critical thinking, analytical thinking, higher education, artificial intelligence, Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, problem-based learning (PBL), self-directed learning.Abstract
This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations for developing students' critical and analytical thinking competencies through the effective organization of independent learning in higher education institutions. The study explores the essence of independent learning, modern pedagogical technologies, problem-based and project-based learning methods, as well as the role of digital learning environments and artificial intelligence tools in the educational process. Based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, Self-Directed Learning (SDL), Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), and the Paul–Elder Critical Thinking Framework, methodological approaches aimed at improving students' independent learning activities are proposed. The findings indicate that organizing independent learning through innovative pedagogical approaches significantly enhances students' abilities to critically evaluate information, analyze scientific literature, solve complex problems, make evidence-based decisions, and develop creative thinking skills. Furthermore, the study proposes a conceptual model integrating digital technologies and artificial intelligence into the independent learning process and provides practical recommendations for its implementation in higher education.
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