THE VOCABULARY OF OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (WITH A FOCUS ON BEOWULF)

Abstract

This article explores the vocabulary of the Old English period with a particular focus on the epic poem Beowulf, which serves as one of the most important sources of Old English lexicon. The study examines the linguistic richness and diversity of the vocabulary used in Beowulf, reflecting both native Anglo-Saxon elements and borrowed words from Latin and Norse. It discusses how Old English vocabulary demonstrates the cultural, social, and historical contexts of the early medieval period. The article also analyzes semantic fields such as heroism, warfare, kinship, and religion, which dominate the lexicon of Beowulf. Through a close linguistic analysis, the paper highlights how compound words and poetic synonyms contribute to the expressive and stylistic qualities of Old English poetry. The findings emphasize the dynamic nature of Old English vocabulary and its role in shaping the foundation of modern English. The research provides insights into how language, history, and culture intertwine in the development of the English lexicon, showing that Beowulf not only represents a literary masterpiece but also serves as a linguistic monument of early English civilization.