Etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory viral infections in children
Keywords:
Acute respiratory viral infections, children, etiology, pathogenesis, respiratory viruses, immunity, epidemiology, clinical features, inflammation, pediatrics, transmission, preventionAbstract
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) - represent the most common group of infectious diseases in childhood and constitute a major public health burden worldwide. These infections are caused by a wide spectrum of respiratory viruses and are characterized by high transmissibility, seasonal variability, and diverse clinical manifestations. Despite substantial advances in molecular diagnostics and virology, ARVI continues to pose challenges due to viral diversity, frequent genetic mutations, and limited availability of universal antiviral therapies. This article presents a theoretical and analytical overview of the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of ARVI in children based on contemporary scientific literature and epidemiological data. Emphasis is placed on viral classification, mechanisms of host–virus interaction, immunopathogenesis, and age-related susceptibility. Statistical trends illustrating global incidence, morbidity patterns, and healthcare impact are also summarized. The review does not include individual patient data or clinical case descriptions; instead, it focuses exclusively on population-level analyses, theoretical frameworks, and evidence-based concepts. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying ARVI and their clinical expression in pediatric populations is essential for improving preventive strategies, optimizing supportive care, and guiding future research aimed at reducing disease burden.
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