CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPROVING DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

UDC: 616.12-005.4:612.39:579.835

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and represents a major burden on global healthcare systems. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular pathology. The gut microbiota functions as a complex metabolic organ capable of producing numerous bioactive metabolites that influence systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, endothelial function, and immune regulation. Alterations in microbial composition and metabolic activity have been associated with the development and progression of ischemic heart disease. Modern research indicates that microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids may significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular dysfunction. Consequently, the evaluation of gut microbial metabolic activity has become a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiology. This article presents a theoretical and analytical overview of modern diagnostic strategies used to assess microbiota metabolism and explores therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating gut microbial activity in patients with ischemic heart disease. The analysis is based on contemporary scientific literature, dissertations, and clinical investigations. Particular attention is given to metabolomic profiling, microbial sequencing technologies, and targeted microbiota modulation strategies. The integration of microbiota-centered diagnostics into cardiological practice may contribute to earlier risk identification and improve individualized therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.